Forget Mustitasking

All of us are tempted to multitask nearly every day. With companies trying to do more with fewer people, the demands of work seem to be relentlessly increasing. If you have kids their schedules are packed too, and you have to be involved in that activity while managing your own affairs. Then there is the information stream we try to keep up with: news sites, blogs, Facebook updates, Twitter feeds. It is a lot of busyness, and so no wonder we are tempted to text while driving, to email while eating, and to exercise while talking on the phone.

But evidently we are fooling ourselves. On NPR's Morning Edition program today, Renee Montagne interviewed Douglas Merrill, the former CIO of Google who holds a PhD in Cognitive Science, and who recently published Getting Organized in the Google Era. According to Dr. Merrill, we are fooling ourselves when we think we can multitask:

Everyone feels like they're tremendous multitaskers. It's a little like Lake Wobegon - everyone thinks they're better than average, but you're not. You can't multitask. When you shift from one context to another you're going to drop some things. And what that means is that you're less effective at the first task and at the second task that you're trying to do at the same time. It's much more effective to spend time doing your first task, take a small break, and then do your second task. Managing the context shift is much more effective than pretending to multitask, even though we all think we're good at it.

When he says "you can't", what he means is your brain is not set up to operate that way:

Your brain has a short-term memory which it uses to store the things that happen around it in the world, and then it takes from that short-term memory and encodes into long-term memory so you can find it later. That short-term memory can hold between five and nine things and that's all. And if you're multitasking, you're more likely to forget the things that are in that short-term memory.

So, it turns out we are all fooling ourselves when we think we can get more done by doing two or more things at once. It is a false victory: we seem to do more, but in the end we do it poorly, or we forgot what we did, or we forget to do all the things we are supposed to do. Plus, Dr. Merrill goes on to say, the constant switching our attention back and forth between different contexts is actually a time-waster.

Far better, as he says, to do one thing at a time, take a short break to reset your brain, and then start on the next task. Focus on what you are doing right now--live in the present tense, we might say--and do it to the best of your ability. Of course, doing that doesn't lessen the flood of information, tasks, emails, and other demands on our time; so we have to be deliberate about setting priorities, saying no when possible, and otherwise taking control of our own lives to ensure we are accomplishing the truly important (as you can read about elsewhere on this blog).

I haven't read the book yet, but from the review it appears there might be some interesting tips and tools that Dr. Merrill suggests for helping manage all that information flow. Let me know if you've read it, and what you think.

The Productivity Trap

Personal productivity is a holy grail for many knowledge workers in the contemporary American economy. Just like pilgrims seeking the original Holy Grail, today's knowledge workers pursue an almost single-minded quest for the next new productivity tip or trick. (Examples: using a desk setup with two monitors to work more efficiently; becoming a disciple of David Allen's generally helpful Getting Things Done; multitasking anywhere and everywhere).

All this fascination with efficiency leads quickly to the Productivity Trap: the idea that contentment, or success, or happiness is achieved by getting more done. We become convinced that we are one tool away--a new tabbed notebook, perhaps, or one iPhone app--from working efficiently enough to allow us more evenings off, or to avoid Saturday work, or to earn the higher bonus we crave. "Once I'm efficient enough to handle this workload," we say to ourselves, "I'll be able to get my time back."

Sounds good, but no. Once you get efficient enough to handle it, your boss will be so impressed that she will put you on the even bigger project with even tighter time demands. "Congratulations!" she'll say. "You did so well on the small project that you get to lead the big one!" Or, you'll get to be the boss, and not only have to do your own work but make sure everyone else is doing theirs too. Your time commitment will increase, not decrease, and you'll be off again in search of a few tips to "save time". You are stuck in the Productivity Trap.

The Productivity Trap becomes a self-perpetuating cycle when we spend more time working on our productivity systems--organizing browser bookmarks, shifting folder tags, re-writing to-do lists, optimizing Outlook, etc.--than we do actually working. In trying to be more productive, we get less real work done. We end up with the strange ability to precisely track, file, and retrieve the list of things we didn't get done today.

This is not to say that all productivity is bad or that efficiency is a false goal. To the extent that a work-saving tip allows you to complete a necessary task in less time, then productivity is a blessing; you are being both efficient and effective. Disorganization often results in duplicative or unnecessary work; any form of organization that prevents this is a net gain and should be praised. However, we get stuck in the Productivity Trap when productivity becomes an end in itself, not a tool to be used to achive our real objectives.

The only way to free up extra time for yourself is to do less. Learn to be honest about what is really important. Be ruthless in saying "no" to unimportant obligations. Be disciplined in doing your important tasks first in the day, before interruptions divert your attention. Yes, be efficient (do things well), but only while being effective (doing the right things). Efficiency without effectiveness is waste.